acute hemorrhagic leukoencephalitis in children: a case report

acute hemorrhagic leukoencephalitis (ahle) is a rare demyelinating disease characterized by an acute rapidly progressive fulminant inflammation of the white matter. in this case report, we introduce a case of ahle in children with an interesting and lengthy process and successful treatment. a previously healthy 13-year-old girl was admitted to the hospital because of fever and loss of consciousness. after 4 days, she was referred to our pediatric intensive care unit in mashhad, iran. on admission, she had right-sided parotiditis. with a diagnosis of ahle, our patient was treated with methylprednisolone, intravenous immunoglobulin, acyclovir, and plasmapheresis. ahle is a rare and severe demyelinating disease, the mortality and morbidity of which can be decreased by early detection and treatment with steroid therapy, intravenous immunoglobulin, acyclovir, and plasmapheresis.